Other countries now have similar blanket bans on all “psychoactive” substances (such as Ireland, Poland, Romania, and Australia see Barratt, Seear, & Lancaster, 2017) or on analogues of psychoactive substances (United States see Kau, 2008). Since May 2016, the UK Psychoactive Substances Act prohibited the supply of 1P-LSD and any other compounds deemed to cause a “psychoactive effect” (Reuter & Pardo, 2017). For example, 1P-LSD use increased in popularity in the UK following prohibition of LSZ and AL-LAD in 2015 (Brandt et al., 2016).
The increased speed emergence of these new psychoactive substances (NPS) is partially driven by legislative processes chasing a synthesise–proscribe–synthesise model (Reuter & Pardo, 2017).
Since the first use of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in 1943 by Albert Hofmann (Hofmann, 1980), many similarly structured compounds have emerged such as ALD-52, AL-LAD (or Aladdin), ETH-LAD, PRO-LAD, LSZ, and 1P-LSD, to name just a few (Brandt et al., 2017 Brandt et al., 2016 Peyton & Shulgin, 1994 Watts, Mailman, Lawler, Neve, & Nichols, 1995). Future studies should seek to replicate these findings with chemical confirmation and dose measurement. LSD analogues were reported as similar in time to peak and duration as LSD but weaker in strength, pleasurable high, and comedown. Ratings for pleasurable high, strength of effect, comedown, urge to use more drugs, value for money, and risk of harm following use were significantly lower for LSD analogues compared with LSD. The modal duration (8 hr) and time to peak (2 hr) of LSD analogues were not significantly different from LSD. LSD analogue users described the effects as psychedelic (93%), over half (55%) obtained it online, and almost all (99%) reported an oral route of administration. respondents reporting LSD analogue use in the last 12 months was higher than for LSD only. Most LSD analogue users (91%) had also tried LSD. MethodsĪn anonymous self-selected online survey of people who use drugs (Global Drug Survey 2016 N = 96,894), which measured perceived drug effects of LSD and its analogues. This study aimed to describe self-reported patterns of use and effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) analogues (AL-LAD, 1P-LSD, and ETH-LAD) and the characteristics of those who use them.
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